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Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall
Kukrálová, Simona ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Candidate: Bc. Simona Kukrálová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes a disease called tuberculosis, which, along with other selected diseases, is still one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. It is estimated that more than a million people succumb to the disease each year. The remarkable structure of the cell wall of mycobacteria has a great influence on the treatment of tuberculosis itself, together with the ever-increasing incidence of multidrug- resistant and extensively resistant strains, especially in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The research of mycobacteria is given great attention. Efforts to find new substances with antimycobacterial effect acting on individual components of the cell wall, preferably on the cell wall as a complex, are actual and are part of national as well as international programs. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with current knowledge about mycobacteria with emphasis on cell wall, epidemiology of tuberculosis...
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Basics of current antimycobacterial treatment
Šilhavá, Kristýna ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Diepoltová, Adéla (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Pharmacy Author: Kristýna Šilhavá Supervisor: PharmDr, Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Basics of current antimycobacterial therapy The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to summarize information regarding mycobacteria, mycobacterial infections and particularly their treatment. Infections caused by mycobacteria are widespread worldwide and a large part of the population is infected with them each year. The most common forms are pulmonary, but practically any organ of the human body can be affected. Although these diseases are treatable with combinations of antimycobacterial drugs, the number of cases with drug resistant forms of mycobacterial diseases is currently on the rise. Therefore, emphasis is placed on the development and testing of new drugs that would be able to treat these resistant forms of diseases in the future. The experimental part is dedicated to testing newly synthesized antimycobacterial compounds that were tested using the microdilution broth method against five strains of Mycobacterium genus (M. smegmatis, M. aurum, M. avium, M. kansasii and M. tuberculosis H37Ra). The results are interpreted and evaluated in terms of the...
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Mycobacterial resistance against currently used antimycobacterial drugs
Lanková, Markéta ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Pharmacy Candidate: Markéta Lanková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterial resistance against currently used antimycobacterial drugs Keywords: Mycobacteria, Mycobacterioses, Resistance, Antimycobacterials, Microdilution broth method, Minimum inhibition concentration The successful treatment of mycobacterial diseases is nowadays often confronted with the declining effect of antituberculotics and other antimicrobial agents, which are often used in the therapy of mycobacterial diseases. The goal of the theoretical part of the thesis was to focus on a comprehensive assessment of the issue of resistance to the current therapeutics used in the fight against resistant mycobacterial strains, to summarize the basic characteristics of the genus Mycobacterium, to address resistant TBC and NTM, and to describe the mechanisms of action and resistance known so far for individual therapeutics, which are often interrelated. The emergence of highly resistant mycobacterial strains is constantly increasing the risk of serious, life-threatening infections. The mechanisms of resistance either arise from the natural properties of the cell or develop gradually as a result of external stimuli, which is...
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Inhibition of the etiological agent of American foulbrood disease using selected essential oils
ZÁLABSKÁ, Adéla
Americal foulbrood disease, caused by etiological agent Paenibacillus larvae is serious disease which affects honey bee that is prohibited to treat with antibiotic in the Czech Republic. If the disease occurs in hive, it is a legal requirement to burn the hive. Essential oils have antimicrobial aktivity and their use can help fighting this dangerous disease. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to verify the bactericidal effect of selected essential oils on the causative agent of the americal foulbrood disease P. Larvae. Another stated aim was to determine the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the selected essential oils. A total of 11 essential oils were used and evaluated both alone and in combination with other essential oils. The evaluation was carried oud on microtiter plates using spectophotometer and on agar medium in petri dishes. The most effective essential oil was garlic oil (Allium sativum bulb oil), which had minimum and bactericidal concentration values of 32 ?l/mg. Other very effective plant essential oils include cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark oil). The least effective essential oils are carrot oil (Daucus carota sativa seed oil), thyme oils (Thymus serpyllum oil, Thymus vulgaris flower/leaf oil) or oregano oil (Origanum vulgare).
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Impact of honey processing on its antimicrobial activity on bacteria Escherichia coli
ŠTEFANOVÁ, Kateřina
In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis, I discuss honey, its chemical composition, physical properties and use in medicine, where I mainly describe the antimicrobial activity. Next, I briefly describe the characteristics and pathogenic strains of bacteria Escherichia coli. The aim of the work was to test the handling and processing of honey for its antimicrobial activity. Two indicators of antimicrobial activity were determined, namely the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against gram-negative bacteria E. coli. These parameters were tested on 6 samples of extracted honey and then after drying for 12 hours, heating in a water bath at 50 °C until liquefaction (approximately 1 hour) and after heating in a microwave oven at 250 W until liquefaction. The Broth microdilution assay method with spectrophotometric evaluation was used to determine the MIC. MBC was determined by streaking and culturing the bacterium on an agar medium. In addition, the water content and electrical conductivity of the dialed and dried honey samples were determined. The results showed that all of the mentioned processing methods negatively affected the antimicrobial activity, with the worst results being after microwave treatment. Since honey is routinely heat treated in practice, these results can help to choose the most gentle treatment method.
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In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus
Židková, Lenka ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Lenka Lyčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy of new compounds for possible treatment of tuberculosis in the future. A microdilution broth method with already proven procedure on Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of compounds. The theoretical part summarizes the epidemiological situation of recent years with global trends in the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in the world and in the Czech Republic, including prospective plans for remediation in the time horizon. Mycobacteria are described in the main representation with M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease - its history, forms, diagnosis and treatment with antituberculotics, which are divided according to the use lines, new drugs and drugs in development. The experimental part contains qualitative and quantitative methods of testing mycobacteria and captures the microdilution broth method used in...
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Pathogenesis of infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Doležalová, Klára ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study programme: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in health care Author: Bc. Klára Doležalová Supervisor of diploma thesis: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Pathogenesis of infectious disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis The theoretical part of this diploma thesis is concerned about tuberculosis where the main part of the thesis is focused on pathogenesis of this disease. Tuberculosis is recognized as highly infectious disease leading to the total exhaustion of the organism. The main causative agent of the above mentioned disease is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted to respiratory tract via inhalation of droplets from infected person and leads to the granuloma formation. For tuberculosis is typical a creation of granulomas, mainly with caseous necrosis. Highly important is accurate diagnosis and appropriately chosen treatment. The treatment consists of a long-term administration of antituberculotic drugs in combinations. The development of the resistance to one or more antituberculotics is adverse complication within the treatment procedure. The experimental part of this work pays attention to the testing of antimycobacterial activity...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall
Kukrálová, Simona ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Candidate: Bc. Simona Kukrálová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes a disease called tuberculosis, which, along with other selected diseases, is still one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. It is estimated that more than a million people succumb to the disease each year. The remarkable structure of the cell wall of mycobacteria has a great influence on the treatment of tuberculosis itself, together with the ever-increasing incidence of multidrug- resistant and extensively resistant strains, especially in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The research of mycobacteria is given great attention. Efforts to find new substances with antimycobacterial effect acting on individual components of the cell wall, preferably on the cell wall as a complex, are actual and are part of national as well as international programs. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with current knowledge about mycobacteria with emphasis on cell wall, epidemiology of tuberculosis...
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antibiotic substances through the use of microdilution broth method II
Kopečná, Klára ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and medical sciences Study program: Pharmacy Autor: Klára Kopečná Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of activity of potencional antibiotic substances through the use of microdilution broth method II Background: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of the compounds synthesized by the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague under the leadership of prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Methods: Using broth microdilution method was tested antibacterial activity at eight bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus methicilin resistant, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL positive and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: Test substances were divided into 5 groups according to similarities in the chemical structure. The best antibacterial activity was observed in the group of derivatives of N-benzyl- 6-(alkylamino)pyrazine-2-carboxamide. Conclusion: Antibacterial activity was detected in 10 of 24 tested compounds. From active substances, all but one danced only Gram-positive bacteria. Among...
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Evaluation of activity of potentional antimycotic substances through the use of microdilution broth method III
Zavřelová, Alena ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Němečková, Ivana (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of thesis: Evalution of activity of potentional antimycotic substances through the use of microdilution broth method III Autor of thesis: Alena Zavřelová Supervisor: Mgr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Background: The aim of this thesis, due to the growing incidence of fungal diseases and the growing incidence of resistance, was to determine the activity of potentially antimycotic active substances. We tested newly synthesized compoused, structurally based on the substance of pyrazinamide which is significant antituberculotic. Methods: Testing of substances was carried out using a broth microdilution method on eight strains of pathogenic fungi consisting of five yeast strains: Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon asahii and three strains of filamentous fungi: Aspergillus fumigatus, Absidia corymbifera, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Results: From the range of tested concentrations and from the total number of the thirty tested substances, the most noticeable antifungal aktivity was revealed in the substance of 5-methyl-6-(2-phenylhydrazinyl)pyrazine-2,3- dicarbonitrile. All strains, except Trichophyton mentagrophytes strain, showed a relatively...
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